Mohit Sewak - CSCP (by APICS), Lean- SixSigma (by KPMG), MBA (from Great Lakes). Mobile- +91-95 85 64 65 33. e-mail: mohit@sewak.in

Identifying Revolutionary MegaTrends

Posted by Mohit Sewak     Category: Megatrends
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Identifying Revolutionary MegaTrends

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Clayton Christensen (of Harvard University), did years of research in various industries to find out that ONE thing, or indication that later turns into a revolution in any industry.
Clayton studied the Disk Drive/ Storage industry (as he believed this industry to be the Fire-Fly industry to study innovation), and closely monitored all the 116 variants of the disk drives from its inception till that date. After studying this industry, some very interesting and important insights were revealed, which were applied in all other industries of all times for validation, and were found successful in all of them.
In his book, The Innovator’s Dilemma”, Clayton Christen has described, such innovation which has the potential of driving away the Industry Leader out of business, and changing the landscape of the entire Industry as a “Disruptive Innovation” (as it disrupts the industry, and its present leader), and the technology that this innovation brings with it as the “Disruptive Technology”.
He says that there are basically two types of innovation, and any new technology in any industry can be classified as either “Low Market”, or “New Market”. It is the identification of the type of innovation that gives us the power to predict the future changes in ANY INDUSTRY, and make our moves accordingly. Some of the salient points to identify WHEN a disruptive innovation is due is:
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When does a disruptive innovation hits any market?

Whenever the market leader in any industry, through constant innovation, and research, reaches a point that his products/ services are no longer targeted towards the mass market, but only a selected niche high tech/ knowledgeable/ expert users in the industry then the market is ripe for a disruptive innovation that invents a technology to make the some of the existing features of the existing products, cheaper, and easier to operate and understand for the mass market.

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Let us take the example of the health care Industry:

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Today we see that we need an expert radiologist to read our X-Rays and diagnose fracture/ defects in our bones. This is because the X Rays are too fade to be read by any patient/ a non expert Doctor. The primary reason for this is that when the X Rays reflects from our bones, it scatters away thus fading the film.

Now, someone has made a special type of X ray machine, and film arrangement, that has small 15microon holes in it, in such positions that the light does not scatter, and the prints are as clear as photograph from a digital camera. So the patient himself can hold it in his hand to take an INSTANT photograph of his effected leg, see the print then and there in his home (its a portable hand-held machine, which produces instant digital prints), and then decide whether he needs to go the orthopedics, or physiotherapist.

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Thus the major points to look out in an industry are:.

a. Which are the highest paying jobs in any Industry, and hence which are those areas in the industry where you require an expert to do the job, and hence is expensive.
b. The industry leader is bust developing and researching high tech product for the highest order of problems in the industry (as he logically should, as he is the only one who can do so, and also earns good margin with them).
c. if the existing technology can be made SIMPLER, and INEXPENSIVE enough that it can be used by NON EXPERT practitioners/ mass people of the industry.
d. and the above moves brings IMPROVEMENT in the life of all.

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But what should the Market Leader do when he sees a small firm coming up with such disruptive innovative?

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One way or the other, if such an innovation has been made, then it remains only a matter of time before it brings about the demise of the market leader, and such an occurance cannot be prevented.

If the market leader resist such a technology, then although he can delay its propagation, but sooner or later it will reach its destined status. On the other hand, if the market leader himself adopts, and assists the development of such a technology, then it only bring about its end sooner than later. This is because such innovations typically very low margins in the beginning (for a long time). These not only dissolves the high margin atypical to the type of new innovation that the market leader is use to, but also its rate of returns are less that the invested cost of the capital in the firm, thus leading to destruction of the share holder’s wealth, and crash in its share prices, thus finally bringing it to the death bed, sooner than expected. Also in this case the leader will deprive itself of hugs margins that are still due at the higher end where it alone has the capabilities to devolve/ introduce advanced products, and absorb any remaining market value at the high end.

So the ONLY WAY out for the industry leader is to make an entirely ISOLATED firm, and let it assist and adopt this new technology. This new firm will certainly has lower costs, and flexible structure, lower return expectations, and hence it can survive the initial bad times. Later on this company will become as big as, or bigger than the present leader (parent company), then either the two should merge, or the leader be allowed to die its natural death, and the daughter company be allowed to become the NEW INDUSTRY LEADER.

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Today’s Demon… Tomorrow’s Diva…

Posted by Mohit Sewak     Category: Megatrends

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Gone are the days when the changing of dresses, foot-wears, watches, and accessories could be called fashion, and by renewing/ updating them regularly you could be christened as the most happening upmarket girl/ brat. Today’s (and predominantly tomorrow’s) World, would be very authenticity conscious, and changing anything that doesn’t belongs to you (permanently belonging to you since birth), would not qualify as  a “fashion statement”.

So if being “Natural” is the way to go, try changing your body if you want to be fashionable. And by the time that we discover how to transfer our soul, brain and heart simultaneously from one body to another, why not try disfiguring/ re-figuring our body a bit?

U think that’s CRAZZZZZZYYYYYY!!!!!, Why…?

Come on…! Such oldies, contemporary people like you, said the same thing when some people told them that disfiguring of denim could be fashion. Didn’t they? But did they ever realized that the same brand, same material denim disfigured jeans will sell at a markup of 2-3 times its authentic casual version in the name of “fashion wear” just a couple of years down the line?

And if you are talking to use pain as an excuse to run away, then let me ask you that why pain didn’t bothered you decades (or even centuries) back, when you started getting your ears pierced, or biceps tattooed, when the potency and efficacy of pain killers we had was simply miniscule to what we will have in the future (or even have now)? And if you don’t have a logical answer to this question, then should i offer you to find a better excuse to disparage the oncoming fashion of tomorrow?

So, are you ready to adopt the changing fashion MEGA trends, or want to lose the race, you OLDIE…!

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The cool mobiles… with hot operating systems…

Posted by Mohit Sewak     Category: Megatrends

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Android, the latest Operating System for Mobiles from Google is going to be the next big thing in the world of technology and communication. there are many reasons for me to believe so, but before discussing these reasons, first let us understand the evolution of mobile OS market in brief.

For years altogether no one ever realized that there exists any Operating system (OS) in mobiles also. OS were supposed to power high end computing systems like computers, mainframes, or similar machines. But the truth is that leave aside processors, even any microprocessor requires an operating system to work/ interact with its users. Even small microprocessor chips like those fitted in your semi automatic washing machines (today’s washing machines use the same 808CX family microprocessors, whose predecessors were the IBMs 3086, and 4086 family computers) run on an operating system, through which they interact with you and other devices they need to obtain information from, or pass commands to. Apart from the necessary bus bars, and other hardware pituitary, some software is anyway necessary to make devices work. But the reason why a common end user does not realize that there exists any OS in them is simply because so far these devices use legacy proprietary OS of their parent company, which have no market outside these devices, so are never popularized.


It was only after the success of Symbian based mobile phones that people realized that alike a computer, a mobile can also have a hardware and an OS as two separate entities, and they are not bound to the proprietary OS. Also, the world of third party applications and games started evolving rapidly with this concept of standalone mobile OS (Although Java supporting mobiles go a long way starting this market of 3rd party applications, but the power of such applications were limited, as java was only a run time environment for them, not a full featured OS).

Although Symbian was not the first such mobile OS to be offered for multibrand mobiles(Linux and many others were sitting on multi brand mobiles earlier as well), but the credit of opening this market goes to it.  Some of the leading Mobile OS brands today, with their market shares are:

  1. Symbian  46.6%
  2. Apple (iPhone OS) 17.3%
  3. RIM (Reach in Motion) 15.3%
  4. Microsoft (Windows Mobile OS) 13.5%
  5. Others including Palm OS, Qualcomm’s BREW, Google Android, SavaJe, Linux and MontaVista Software makes up for the remaining market share.

Android is an open source Mobile OS, running on Linux Kernel. Applications and codes can be written for it in managed Java, using Google developed Java Libraries. Although the OS was earlier made by Google, but is now supported by “Open Handset Alliamce”, a consortium of some 50 hardware, software, and telecom makers, who support in open source technologies.

The OS supports a myriad of latest media formats, has 3D graphics based on OpenGL 1.0 specification, use SQLite for database storage, has advanced connectivity and development environment base. But the best part is its native support for “Multi-Touch” Technology. Unlike other OS, in which touch is a scaled up feature, Android’s native input method is multi-touvh, which means that the entire OS, all its libraries, and supporting applications, are all made keeping the touch interface in  mind right from the very beginning of the conceptualizationn phase.

Moreover the OS is made to seamlessly couple with Google’s Chrome OS, which again has a very good multi touch interface. The two are bound to make a deadly couple and threatening their respective device’s OS market.

Currently there has been 18 mobiles launched with Android OS (current version being Eclair 2.0) including the much hyped HTC Dream, and Samsung i7500 handsets.

Android, like other Google open source products, is expected to change the mobile OS game altogether.

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Free Space Optics….The Future of Communication.

Posted by Mohit Sewak     Category: Megatrends
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Use of Spatial Technology for powering Future Connectivity

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Internet connectivity has always been a major factor in changing the economic, business and cultural landscapes around the world. Therefore any significant development on this front, definitely qualifies to be called a Mega-trend for the future.

Because of the internet connectivity bandwith going northwards, and costs going southwards, English speaking developing countries like India gained major chunk of outsourced business from the business world. We thought that only manufacturing processes could be outsourced because in case of manufacturing the place where the product is purchased, and where it is consumed need not be same. But in case of services, as it is consumed the miment it was produced, there was a notion that it will take a loibg time for the services to be outsourced.

But as always we were proved wrong. Even in case of services, despite it is consumed miles away from the place it is produced, it can lead to the same level of customer satisfaction. Infact because of the lower cost, (which can be used to improve quality as well), it leads to greater customer satisfaction, and hence the trend evolved that services became more succeptible to outsourcing than manufacturing.

To bring about this change is the rising speed of different medium of connectivity. Please find below the speeds of some of the mediums, and their respective uses today:

Technology Speed Physical Medium Application
GSMmobile telephone service 9.6 to 14.4 Kbps RF in space (wireless) Mobile telephone for business and personal use
High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data service (HSCSD) Up to 56 Kbps RF in space (wireless) Mobile telephone for business and personal use
Regular telephone service (POTS) Up to 56 Kbps twisted pair Home and small business access
Dedicated 56Kbps on frame relay 56 Kbps Various Business e-mail with fairly large file attachments
DS0 64 Kbps All The base signal on a channel in the set of Digital Signal levels
General Packet Radio System (GPRS) 56 to 114 Kbps RF in space (wireless) Mobile telephone for business and personal use
ISDN BRI: 64 Kbps to 128 Kbps
PRI: 23 (T-1) or 30 (E1) assignable 64-Kbps channels plus control channel; up to 1.544 Mbps (T-1) or 2.048 (E1) BRI: Twisted-pair
PRI: T-1 or E1 line BRI: Faster home and small business access
PRI: Medium and large enterprise access
IDSL 128 Kbps Twisted-pair Faster home and small business access
AppleTalk 230.4 Kbps Twisted pair Local area network for Apple devices; several networks can be bridged; non-Apple devices can also be connected
Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE) 384 Kbps RF in space (wireless) Mobile telephone for business and personal use
satellite 400 Kbps (DirecPC and others) RF in space (wireless) Faster home and small enterprise access
frame relay 56 Kbps to 1.544 Mbps Twisted-pair or coaxial cable Large company backbone for LANs to ISP
ISP to Internet infrastructure
DS1/T-1 1.544 Mbps Twisted-pair, coaxial cable, or optical fiber Large company to ISP
ISP to Internet infrastructure
Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS) Up to 2 Mbps RF in space (wireless) Mobile telephone for business and personal use (available in 2002 or later)
E-carrier 2.048 Mbps Twisted-pair, coaxial cable, or optical fiber 32-channel European equivalent of T-1
T-1C (DS1C) 3.152 Mbps Twisted-pair, coaxial cable, or optical fiber Large company to ISP
ISP to Internet infrastructure
IBM Token Ring/802.5 4 Mbps (also 16 Mbps) Twisted-pair, coaxial cable, or optical fiber Second most commonly-used local area network after Ethernet
DS2/T-2 6.312 Mbps Twisted-pair, coaxial cable, or optical fiber Large company to ISP
ISP to Internet infrastructure
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) 512 Kbps to 8 Mbps Twisted-pair (used as a digital, broadband medium) Home, small business, and enterprise access using existing copper lines
E-2 8.448 Mbps Twisted-pair, coaxial cable, or optical fiber Carries four multiplexed E-1 signals
cable modem 512 Kbps to 52 Mbps
(see “Key and explanation” below) Coaxial cable (usually uses Ethernet); in some systems, telephone used for upstream requests Home, business, school access
Ethernet 10 Mbps 10BASE-T (twisted-pair); 10BASE-2 or -5 (coaxial cable); 10BASE-F (optical fiber) Most popular business local area network (LAN)
IBM Token Ring/802.5 16 Mbps (also 4 Mbps) Twisted-pair, coaxial cable, or optical fiber Second most commonly-used local area network after Ethernet
E-3 34.368 Mbps Twisted-pair or optical fiber Carries 16 E-l signals
DS3/T-3 44.736 Mbps Coaxial cable ISP to Internet infrastructure
Smaller links within Internet infrastructure
OC-1 51.84 Mbps Optical fiber ISP to Internet infrastructure
Smaller links within Internet infrastructure
High-Speed Serial Interface (HSSI) Up to 53 Mbps HSSI cable Between router hardware and WAN lines
Short-range (50 feet) interconnection between slower LAN devices and faster WAN lines
Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps 100BASE-T (twisted pair); 100BASE-T (twisted pair); 100BASE-T (optical fiber) Workstations with 10 Mbps Ethernet cards can plug into a Fast Ethernet LAN
Fiber Distributed-Data Interface (FDDI) 100 Mbps Optical fiber Large, wide-range LAN usually in a large company or a larger ISP
T-3D (DS3D) 135 Mbps Optical fiber ISP to Internet infrastructure
Smaller links within Internet infrastructure
E-4 139.264 Mbps Optical fiber Carries 4 E3 channels
Up to 1,920 simultaneous voice conversations
OC-3/SDH 155.52 Mbps Optical fiber Large company backbone
Internet backbone
E-5 565.148 Mbps Optical fiber Carries 4 E4 channels
Up to 7,680 simultaneous voice conversations
OC-12/STM-4 622.08 Mbps Optical fiber Internet backbone
Gigabit Ethernet 1 Gbps Optical fiber (and “copper” up to 100 meters) Workstations/networks with 10/100 Mbps Ethernet plug into Gigabit Ethernet switches
OC-24 1.244 Gbps Optical fiber Internet backbone
SciNet 2.325 Gbps (15 OC-3 lines) Optical fiber Part of the vBNS backbone
OC-48/STM-16 2.488 Gbps Optical fiber Internet backbone
OC-192/STM-64 10 Gbps Optical fiber Backbone
OC-256 13.271 Gbps Optical fiber Backbone
Technology Speed Physical Medium Application
GSMmobile telephone service 9.6 to 14.4 Kbps RF in space (wireless) Mobile telephone for business and personal use
High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data service (HSCSD) Up to 56 Kbps RF in space (wireless) Mobile telephone for business and personal use
Regular telephone service (POTS) Up to 56 Kbps twisted pair Home and small business access
Dedicated 56Kbps on frame relay 56 Kbps Various Business e-mail with fairly large file attachments
DS0 64 Kbps All The base signal on a channel in the set of Digital Signal levels
General Packet Radio System (GPRS) 56 to 114 Kbps RF in space (wireless) Mobile telephone for business and personal use
ISDN BRI: 64 Kbps to 128 Kbps
PRI: 23 (T-1) or 30 (E1) assignable 64-Kbps channels plus control channel; up to 1.544 Mbps (T-1) or 2.048 (E1) BRI: Twisted-pair
PRI: T-1 or E1 line BRI: Faster home and small business access
PRI: Medium and large enterprise access
IDSL 128 Kbps Twisted-pair Faster home and small business access
AppleTalk 230.4 Kbps Twisted pair Local area network for Apple devices; several networks can be bridged; non-Apple devices can also be connected
Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE) 384 Kbps RF in space (wireless) Mobile telephone for business and personal use
satellite 400 Kbps (DirecPC and others) RF in space (wireless) Faster home and small enterprise access
frame relay 56 Kbps to 1.544 Mbps Twisted-pair or coaxial cable Large company backbone for LANs to ISP
ISP to Internet infrastructure
DS1/T-1 1.544 Mbps Twisted-pair, coaxial cable, or optical fiber Large company to ISP
ISP to Internet infrastructure
Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS) Up to 2 Mbps RF in space (wireless) Mobile telephone for business and personal use (available in 2002 or later)
E-carrier 2.048 Mbps Twisted-pair, coaxial cable, or optical fiber 32-channel European equivalent of T-1
T-1C (DS1C) 3.152 Mbps Twisted-pair, coaxial cable, or optical fiber Large company to ISP
ISP to Internet infrastructure
IBM Token Ring/802.5 4 Mbps (also 16 Mbps) Twisted-pair, coaxial cable, or optical fiber Second most commonly-used local area network after Ethernet
DS2/T-2 6.312 Mbps Twisted-pair, coaxial cable, or optical fiber Large company to ISP
ISP to Internet infrastructure
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) 512 Kbps to 8 Mbps Twisted-pair (used as a digital, broadband medium) Home, small business, and enterprise access using existing copper lines
E-2 8.448 Mbps Twisted-pair, coaxial cable, or optical fiber Carries four multiplexed E-1 signals
cable modem 512 Kbps to 52 Mbps
(see “Key and explanation” below) Coaxial cable (usually uses Ethernet); in some systems, telephone used for upstream requests Home, business, school access
Ethernet 10 Mbps 10BASE-T (twisted-pair); 10BASE-2 or -5 (coaxial cable); 10BASE-F (optical fiber) Most popular business local area network (LAN)
IBM Token Ring/802.5 16 Mbps (also 4 Mbps) Twisted-pair, coaxial cable, or optical fiber Second most commonly-used local area network after Ethernet
E-3 34.368 Mbps Twisted-pair or optical fiber Carries 16 E-l signals
DS3/T-3 44.736 Mbps Coaxial cable ISP to Internet infrastructure
Smaller links within Internet infrastructure
OC-1 51.84 Mbps Optical fiber ISP to Internet infrastructure
Smaller links within Internet infrastructure
High-Speed Serial Interface (HSSI) Up to 53 Mbps HSSI cable Between router hardware and WAN lines
Short-range (50 feet) interconnection between slower LAN devices and faster WAN lines
Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps 100BASE-T (twisted pair); 100BASE-T (twisted pair); 100BASE-T (optical fiber) Workstations with 10 Mbps Ethernet cards can plug into a Fast Ethernet LAN
Fiber Distributed-Data Interface (FDDI) 100 Mbps Optical fiber Large, wide-range LAN usually in a large company or a larger ISP
T-3D (DS3D) 135 Mbps Optical fiber ISP to Internet infrastructure
Smaller links within Internet infrastructure
E-4 139.264 Mbps Optical fiber Carries 4 E3 channels
Up to 1,920 simultaneous voice conversations
OC-3/SDH 155.52 Mbps Optical fiber Large company backbone
Internet backbone
E-5 565.148 Mbps Optical fiber Carries 4 E4 channels
Up to 7,680 simultaneous voice conversations
OC-12/STM-4 622.08 Mbps Optical fiber Internet backbone
Gigabit Ethernet 1 Gbps Optical fiber (and “copper” up to 100 meters) Workstations/networks with 10/100 Mbps Ethernet plug into Gigabit Ethernet switches
OC-24 1.244 Gbps Optical fiber Internet backbone
SciNet 2.325 Gbps (15 OC-3 lines) Optical fiber Part of the vBNS backbone
OC-48/STM-16 2.488 Gbps Optical fiber Internet backbone
OC-192/STM-64 10 Gbps Optical fiber Backbone
OC-256 13.271 Gbps Optical fiber Backbone

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The only hinderence to this trend has been the high cost of laying such optical fiber network under sea for intercontinent connectivity.

But even that has been overcomed now as can be seen in the video above. With Free Space Optics (using laser optic technologogy), data can directly be transmitted (and received), through satellite transponders in space, which reflecs them back to the receiving (or transmitting) satellites located in another part of the world. Current speeds reached with this tecthnology is around a gigabyte per second, and is increasing.

Moreover, as also shown in the video, it can be controlled via miniature computing devices of the size of a pen, or a scrapbook, and can be commanded remotely by handwritten notes on a scrapbook (mini computing devices).

Coupled with advance space imagery, which will become affordable to be used by every normal consumer, it will throe the gates open for new industries, new softwares, and new riding technologies. People still think that Google Earth has been a big breakthrough in bringing satellite imagery to the common consumer. But it can be find histrocally that a megatrend emerges only when the consumer satrts completely controlling the technology.

In case of space optics, coupled with satellite imagery, the platform is ready for such an occurrence. Imagine the exuberance of a person (sitting in his study in Alaska) who can take snaps of his friend mountaineering on some peaks of K2 (the highest mountain peak ), just by a click of a mouse, and send them(and the whole world) back in real time. So that by the time they reach the peak, all world will be seeing their live video on youtube……. amazing!!!

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