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Neural Networks
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Our brain consists of approximately 1011 neurons, in a densely connected and functionally related in a peripheral nervous system. These neurons are biological cells which get energized by the reaction of chemical ions, which generates an electrical signal which then propagates the neural network. These neural networks are nothing but a network of all of these 1011 neurons, in which each of these neuron is interconnected to several thousands of other neurons. The axon (output node) of one neuron is not connected to the dendrites (input node) of other neurons, through synapses (connectors between input and output nodes).
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The excitation of the neurons by chemical ions causes electrical spikes that travels along the axon of the pre-synaptic neuron (transmitter neuron) that further triggers the release of neurotransmitter substances at the synapse. The neurotransmitters cause excitation or inhibition in the dendrite of the post-synaptic neuron (receiver neuron). The integration of the excitatory and inhibitory signals may produce spikes in the post-synaptic neuron. The contribution of the signals depends on the strength of the synaptic connection. Through a network of these electrical signals and flows, various senses and motor nerves are energized and and information flows from one part of the nervous system to another.
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Although at a unit level the system is very simple, but the very complexity of the interconnections and the huge number of the network nodes makes possible the accomplishment of extraordinary complex tasks through these networks.
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The spikes travelling along the axon of the pre-synaptic neuron trigger the release of neurotransmitter substances at the synapse.
The neurotransmitters cause excitation or inhibition in the dendrite of the post-synaptic neuron.
The integration of the excitatory and inhibitory signals may produce spikes in the post-synaptic neuron.
The contribution of the signals depends on the strength of the synaptic connection.
